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vendor/spatie/laravel-permission/docs/basic-usage/super-admin.md

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+---
+title: Defining a Super-Admin
+weight: 5
+---
+
+We strongly recommend that a Super-Admin be handled by setting a global `Gate::before` or `Gate::after` rule which checks for the desired role. 
+
+Then you can implement the best-practice of primarily using permission-based controls (@can and $user->can, etc) throughout your app, without always having to check for "is this a super-admin" everywhere. Best not to use role-checking (ie: `hasRole`) when you have Super Admin features like this.
+
+
+## `Gate::before`
+If you want a "Super Admin" role to respond `true` to all permissions, without needing to assign all those permissions to a role, you can use Laravel's `Gate::before()` method. For example:
+
+```php
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
+
+class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
+{
+    public function boot()
+    {
+        $this->registerPolicies();
+
+        // Implicitly grant "Super Admin" role all permissions
+        // This works in the app by using gate-related functions like auth()->user->can() and @can()
+        Gate::before(function ($user, $ability) {
+            return $user->hasRole('Super Admin') ? true : null;
+        });
+    }
+}
+```
+
+NOTE: `Gate::before` rules need to return `null` rather than `false`, else it will interfere with normal policy operation. [See more.](https://laracasts.com/discuss/channels/laravel/policy-gets-never-called#reply=492526)
+
+Jeffrey Way explains the concept of a super-admin (and a model owner, and model policies) in the [Laravel 6 Authorization Filters](https://laracasts.com/series/laravel-6-from-scratch/episodes/51) video and some related lessons in that chapter.
+
+
+## `Gate::after`
+
+Alternatively you might want to move the Super Admin check to the `Gate::after` phase instead, particularly if your Super Admin shouldn't be allowed to do things your app doesn't want "anyone" to do, such as writing more than 1 review, or bypassing unsubscribe rules, etc.
+
+The following code snippet is inspired from [Freek's blog article](https://murze.be/when-to-use-gateafter-in-laravel) where this topic is discussed further.
+
+```php
+// somewhere in a service provider
+
+Gate::after(function ($user, $ability) {
+   return $user->hasRole('Super Admin'); // note this returns boolean
+});
+```