construprogress/database/seeders/RolesAndPermissionsSeeder.php

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;
use App\Models\User;

class RolesAndPermissionsSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run()
    {
        // Reset cached roles and permissions
        app()[\Spatie\Permission\PermissionRegistrar::class]->forgetCachedPermissions();

        // Create permissions
        $permissions = [
            'view projects', 'create projects', 'edit projects', 'delete projects',
            'assign users', 'upload layers', 'update progress', 'view reports', 'manage all'
        ];
        foreach ($permissions as $perm) {
            Permission::firstOrCreate(['name' => $perm]);
        }

        // Create roles and assign permissions
        $admin = Role::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'Admin']);
        $admin->givePermissionTo(Permission::all());

        $supervisor = Role::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'Supervisor']);
        $supervisor->givePermissionTo(['view projects', 'upload layers', 'update progress']);

        $consultor = Role::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'Consultor']);
        $consultor->givePermissionTo(['view projects', 'view reports']);

        $cliente = Role::firstOrCreate(['name' => 'Cliente']);
        $cliente->givePermissionTo(['view projects']);

        // Create default admin user (sin factory: los seeders de sistema no deben
        // depender de fakerphp/faker, que vive en require-dev).
        $user = User::firstOrCreate(
            ['email' => 'admin@email.com'],
            [
                'name'     => 'Admin User',
                'password' => bcrypt('password'),
            ],
        );
        $user->assignRole('Admin');
    }
}