feat(issues): tipo/categoría de incidencia (defecto/seguridad/calidad/documentación/otro)

- Issue::TYPES + typeLabels() (ES) + accessors type_label/type_color; columna type
  (string, default 'other') + fillable.
- IssueForm: select "Tipo de incidencia" con validación/carga/guardado.
- IssueTable: columna Tipo (badge) + SelectFilter por tipo.
- IssueDetail: badge de tipo en la cabecera.
- Sync offline: issue.create/update aceptan type; bundle (mapIssue) lo incluye.

Tests: IssuesEnhancementsTest (create muestra el campo vía HTTP, edición persiste) +
MobileApiTest (create con type). Suite 61 passing (solo 2 pre-existentes sqlite).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/Http/Controllers/Api/V1/SyncController.php

@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ class SyncController extends Controller
             'description' => ['nullable', 'string'],
             'priority'    => ['nullable', 'in:' . implode(',', Issue::PRIORITIES)],
             'status'      => ['nullable', 'in:' . implode(',', Issue::STATUSES)],
+            'type'        => ['nullable', 'in:' . implode(',', Issue::TYPES)],
         ]);
         if ($v->fails()) {
             return $this->error($uuid, 'validation: ' . $v->errors()->first());
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ class SyncController extends Controller
             'description'       => $d['description'] ?? null,
             'priority'          => $d['priority'] ?? 'medium',
             'status'            => $d['status'] ?? 'open',
+            'type'              => $d['type'] ?? 'other',
             'reported_by'       => $user->id,
             'client_updated_at' => $op['client_updated_at'] ?? null,
         ]);
@@ -223,6 +225,7 @@ class SyncController extends Controller
             'description'      => ['nullable', 'string'],
             'priority'         => ['nullable', 'in:' . implode(',', Issue::PRIORITIES)],
             'status'           => ['nullable', 'in:' . implode(',', Issue::STATUSES)],
+            'type'             => ['nullable', 'in:' . implode(',', Issue::TYPES)],
             'assigned_to'      => ['nullable', 'integer', 'exists:users,id'],
             'resolution_notes' => ['nullable', 'string'],
         ]);