feat(issues): tipo/categoría de incidencia (defecto/seguridad/calidad/documentación/otro)

- Issue::TYPES + typeLabels() (ES) + accessors type_label/type_color; columna type
  (string, default 'other') + fillable.
- IssueForm: select "Tipo de incidencia" con validación/carga/guardado.
- IssueTable: columna Tipo (badge) + SelectFilter por tipo.
- IssueDetail: badge de tipo en la cabecera.
- Sync offline: issue.create/update aceptan type; bundle (mapIssue) lo incluye.

Tests: IssuesEnhancementsTest (create muestra el campo vía HTTP, edición persiste) +
MobileApiTest (create con type). Suite 61 passing (solo 2 pre-existentes sqlite).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/Models/Issue.php

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ class Issue extends Model
 
     const STATUSES   = ['open', 'in_review', 'resolved', 'closed'];
     const PRIORITIES = ['low', 'medium', 'high', 'critical'];
+    const TYPES      = ['defect', 'safety', 'quality', 'documentation', 'other'];
 
     protected $fillable = [
         'project_id', 'feature_id', 'inspection_id',
-        'title', 'description', 'status', 'priority',
+        'title', 'description', 'status', 'priority', 'type',
         'reported_by', 'assigned_to', 'resolved_at', 'resolution_notes',
         'uuid', 'client_updated_at',
     ];
@@ -71,4 +72,32 @@ class Issue extends Model
             default     => '#6b7280',
         };
     }
+
+    /** Human label (Spanish) for each issue type. */
+    public static function typeLabels(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'defect'        => 'Defecto',
+            'safety'        => 'Seguridad',
+            'quality'       => 'Calidad',
+            'documentation' => 'Documentación',
+            'other'         => 'Otro',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function getTypeLabelAttribute(): string
+    {
+        return self::typeLabels()[$this->type] ?? ucfirst((string) $this->type);
+    }
+
+    public function getTypeColorAttribute(): string
+    {
+        return match($this->type) {
+            'defect'        => '#ef4444',
+            'safety'        => '#f97316',
+            'quality'       => '#0ea5e9',
+            'documentation' => '#8b5cf6',
+            default         => '#6b7280',
+        };
+    }
 }