feat(issues): tipo/categoría de incidencia (defecto/seguridad/calidad/documentación/otro)

- Issue::TYPES + typeLabels() (ES) + accessors type_label/type_color; columna type
  (string, default 'other') + fillable.
- IssueForm: select "Tipo de incidencia" con validación/carga/guardado.
- IssueTable: columna Tipo (badge) + SelectFilter por tipo.
- IssueDetail: badge de tipo en la cabecera.
- Sync offline: issue.create/update aceptan type; bundle (mapIssue) lo incluye.

Tests: IssuesEnhancementsTest (create muestra el campo vía HTTP, edición persiste) +
MobileApiTest (create con type). Suite 61 passing (solo 2 pre-existentes sqlite).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/Feature/Api/MobileApiTest.php

@@ -321,11 +321,12 @@ class MobileApiTest extends TestCase
         $uuid = (string) Str::uuid();
         $this->postJson('/api/v1/sync', ['operations' => [[
             'entity' => 'issue', 'op' => 'create', 'uuid' => $uuid,
-            'data' => ['project_id' => $project->id, 'title' => 'Grieta', 'priority' => 'high'],
+            'data' => ['project_id' => $project->id, 'title' => 'Grieta', 'priority' => 'high', 'type' => 'safety'],
         ]]])->assertOk()->assertJsonPath('results.0.status', 'applied');
 
         $issue = Issue::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
         $this->assertEquals('open', $issue->status);
+        $this->assertEquals('safety', $issue->type);
 
         // update (resolve) → resolved_at set
         $this->postJson('/api/v1/sync', ['operations' => [[

tests/Feature/IssuesEnhancementsTest.php

@@ -183,6 +183,31 @@ class IssuesEnhancementsTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertNotNull($task->fresh()->overdue_notified_at);
     }
 
+    // ── Issue type / category ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    public function test_create_form_shows_the_type_field(): void
+    {
+        $this->actingAs($this->user)
+            ->get(route('projects.issues.create', $this->project))
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertSee('Tipo de incidencia')
+            ->assertSee('Defecto')
+            ->assertSee('Seguridad');
+    }
+
+    public function test_editing_an_issue_persists_the_type(): void
+    {
+        $issue = $this->makeIssue(['type' => 'defect']);
+
+        Livewire::actingAs($this->user)
+            ->test(IssueForm::class, ['project' => $this->project, 'issue' => $issue])
+            ->assertSet('type', 'defect')
+            ->set('type', 'safety')
+            ->call('save');
+
+        $this->assertEquals('safety', $issue->fresh()->type);
+    }
+
     // ── Report issue from a map feature ──────────────────────────────────────────
 
     public function test_issue_form_prelinks_feature_from_query(): void